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1.Definition
Industrial Engineering (referred to as IE) in the international arena there are nearly a hundred years of history, affecting a wide range of comprehensive, cross-cutting nature, reflecting a combination of technology and management of cross-type subjects, and its connotation and denotation are still evolving . IE development in different periods, different backgrounds, different countries of the scholars, academic bodies under their definition varied, but generally similar to its meaning. One of the most representative among the United States Institute of Industrial Engineers (ALLE: American Institute of Industrial Engineers) 1955 years after the revised definition: 'Industrial Engineering is the study of people, materials, equipment, energy and an integrated information system design, to improve and set up engineering, which applied mathematics, physics and other natural science and social science expertise and technology, and engineering analysis and design principles and methods to identify, predict and evaluate the availability of the system the results. '
Japanese new definition of IE: IE Association of Japan (JIIE) was established in 1959. IE at the time the definition of AIIE in the United States in 1955 based on the definition of a slightly modified version have been made. Defined as follows:
'IE is the person, materials, equipment, systems integration design, improvement and implementation. In order to determine the outcome of the system, forecasting and evaluation, in the use of mathematics, natural sciences, social science expertise and technology, also uses engineering analysis and design principles and methods. '
Thereafter, in accordance with changes and additions to the AIIE and also in the 'people, materials, equipment,' added the information and energy.
IE based on long-term JIIE (especially after the war) in Japan, the results of applications and a wide range of applications, IE both in theory and methods have achieved great development. JIIE very definition of the past are not suitable for modern requirements, it is redefined for IE. Defined as follows:
'IE is such an activity, which the scientific method, effective use of human, financial, and material, information, and time management resources, high-quality, low-cost and timely delivery of market goods and services required and at the same time look for ways to engage in these efforts meet the needs and well-being of people. '
This definition simple, popular, easy to understand, not only IE clearly the nature, purpose and methods, but also special care for people to write the definition also embodies the principle of 'people-oriented' thinking. This is the IE with other engineering disciplines different. We understand the definition of IE for reference.
2.Characteristics
As can be seen from the definition of the characteristics of industrial engineering.
(1) Industrial Engineering is a set natural sciences, social sciences, engineering and management, such as an integrated, cross-type science. Industrial engineers and therefore is a compound talent.
(2) Properties of the engineering industry strong, and its working principle is the use of engineering analysis and design principles and methods, so easy to emphasize the technical means, such as quantitative methods.
(3) It is the pursuit by the people, materials, equipment, energy, information and other factors of production consisting of the overall effectiveness of the integrated system, regardless of the size of the system are reflected in very strong to reduce costs and improve efficiency of system management features. Thus some scholars call management system to support the technology can not be overstated.
(4) IE is not only a modern engineering and technology but also a philosophy, with particular emphasis on the role played by the human system. This is the IE development of a very prominent characteristic. Thus in the study and reconstruction of organizational design, staff evaluation, incentives and other often used methods of industrial engineering.
3.The nature of the characteristics
(A) IE's core is to reduce costs and improve the quality and labor productivity
To reduce costs and improve the quality and labor productivity linked to a comprehensive study, the pursuit of the best overall production system efficiency.
(B) IE is the application of integrated knowledge system
IE comprehensive embodied in a combination of technology and management on, IE the goal of increasing productivity from the start, not only to research and development in manufacturing technology, tools and procedures, but also to improve the management level, to improve the management and control of a variety of people and other elements (technology, machinery, information, etc.) of organic co-ordination, so that best use technology to play.
(C) Pay attention to the human factor
Production systems in the various constituent elements, are the most active and largest factors of uncertainty. IE in the achievement of its objectives, carrying out system design, control and improvement process, and must take into account the relationship between other elements and interact with a human-centered design; IE attaches great importance to study the human factor, including people - local relations, the influence of the environment (such as physiological and psychological); were the work of the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, is to play a dynamic role.
(D) IE for the micro-management
In order to reduce waste, reduce cost, IE-oriented focus on micro-management; from the work of research, operations analysis, action and micro-motion analysis to study the development of operating standards, to determine the fixed labor force, from a variety of site management to optimize between the various functional departments to improve the coordination and management needs, such as IE has a role to play.
(E) IE is a system optimization technology
IE emphasized overall system optimization is the optimization of production factors is not only an object or a local optimization, the ultimate pursuit of the best overall system efficiency. Therefore, to improve overall system IE from the general goal of productivity of various production resources and links for specific studies, research co-ordination, co-ordinate analysis, the rational allocation; on a variety of programs for analysis and comparison, find the best design and improve the program, so in order to play the elements and functions of the subsystems to co-ordinate effectively.
In short: IE nature of the overall rationalization of the system, standardization, efficient, procedures, and to achieve high-quality, the pursuit of the best overall production system efficiency.
4.Awareness of IE
IE is the awareness of the so-called practice of product IE is IE's way of thinking should be the guiding role; are the following:
(A) awareness of the cost and efficiency
IE the best overall efficiency, (that is, the objective of increasing productivity) must establish the cost and efficiency, all the work from the mind, from the general goal, start small, and strive to save, put an end to waste. Seek to lower costs, more efficient ways and means of processing.
(B) Awareness of the problem and reform
IE the pursuit of rationality, so that to achieve effective integration of various elements to form an organic whole system, including from the working methods, organization and management of the production process until the business and the rationalization of the various systems. We should insist on improvement, improvement after improvement, it is necessary to establish and improve the awareness of the issue, continue to identify problems, study analysis, the search for measures of innovation and reform.
(C) Awareness of the work of simplification and standardization
IE is the pursuit of efficient and uniform quality. Since the introduction of IE have a simplistic, specialization and standardization; to reduce costs, improve efficiency played an important role.
(D) The overall situation and the overall awareness
The pursuit of modern IE is to optimize the overall system, we must proceed from the overall situation and the whole; for the specific circumstances of the study to choose the appropriate methods, and focus on the application of integrated and holistic in order to obtain good results.
(E) Awareness of human-centered
Production and management activities are the most important factors, other factors must be through the participation of people in order to play a role, we must adhere to the study of human-centered design of production systems, management, innovation and development, so that everyone is concerned about improving their work and participate in in order to improve efficiency.
5.Classification of Industrial Engineering
IE is divided into two categories: traditional and modern industrial engineering industrial engineering.
(A) First, the traditional IE
Traditional IE is a key target groups for the manufacturing industry.
The following is a IE staff functions:
(B) Second, the modern IE
Modern industrial engineering, in addition to the traditional industrial engineering techniques, there are in the Second World War and post-war years by the development of new technologies; the same time, with progress in science and technology, new concepts, new methods have emerged one after another Industrial Engineering of the constant challenges, is a modern industrial engineering and technology will affect a larger number of technologies were described as follows:
1, Work study
Research work can be defined as: In order to organized groups of an individual or a group of persons specified in the content of work activities. The purpose is to designed to meet the organizations and their technical requirements and meet the individual needs of staff and physical structure of the work.
2, The widely used statistical
Glen from the United States (Eugene L • Grant) Professor in 1954 in time to study summed up by an auxiliary time to study the horseshoe table of statistical techniques, known as samples of work (Work Sampling).
3, Operations research and scientific management
By the British in 1950 started the BU Professor (Professor P • M • S • Bracket) led a mixed group, they focus on the overall system-wide establishment of mathematical models, measurement methods used in place of qualitative methods, known as Operations Research ( Operations Research). And operations research was published quarterly.
4, The impact of computer
Computer design and manufacture of books by the United States alleged the University of Virginia Dr • John W • Gauchely and Dr • J • Presper Echerat completed, and in 1946 in U.S. Army testing base Apollo used for the first time.
The computer then applies a wide range of industrial engineering.
Simulation (Simulation);
Plan and schedule arrangements;
Computer Management's manufacturing methods;
Measure work (Work Measurement);
Integrated manufacturing (CIM).
5,System-wide concept and system design
Industrial Engineering (IE) is about the people, machines, materials, such as the overall system design, improvement and installation of a science, in dealing with the issue of the environment can not be detached from the reality of an independent conclusion, the key lies in its inter-linkages with the system itself and The role of mutual influence.
System design is complicated and volatile, industrial engineering (IE) for the management of the various sectors of system design the new park has the following:
Network plan and application of skills;
Value Engineering (VE);
The extensive application of advanced mathematics;
Behavioral science and human engineering applications;
The improvement of automation.
Application of modern system theory are mainly from the social, resource, energy, scientific and technological progress, such as the development trend of the macro-system, the use of control theory, theory and method, subsystems, re-arrange the combination of subsystems as a measurable, controllable system . System is interconnected by a number of constraints between the modules have a specific function in the organism. As large as the world economy and overall national economy, to a small factory, a product can be regarded as a system. The concept of the establishment of systems to help arrange and organize the production and operation of complex work.
Behavioral science from sociology, psychology point of view of management, attention to social structure, environmental conditions, as well as between people and their mutual relations and human motives and behavior resulting from improved efficiency, the impact of the initiative to play. Behavioral science also study how to be good at discovering talent, and foster the rational use of personnel, as well as good at inspiring people's consciousness and social responsibility issues.
Modern Industrial Engineering (IE) learn to draw a natural science and technology of the latest achievements of science to operations research, probability theory, mathematical statistics, computing technology applied to industrial engineering (IE) the management of technology systems and management as a means to quantify and the formation of a series of quantitative management techniques, such as forecasting techniques, the techno-economic analysis, value engineering, decision analysis, quality management.
6,The main analytical techniques
Industrial Engineering is a multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary inter-penetration. Used methods and techniques related to the different relevant disciplines, but as a lower cost, improving quality, the integration of technology to increase productivity, it has a certain architecture.
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